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Case Study

Terra Datum: Measuring energy consumption during virtual production

Like any other UK industry, TV and film production needs to find ways to increase its sustainability, and in 2025, The BFI, BAFTA albert, and ScreenSkills launched the UK’s first National Occupational Standards and skills checklists for sustainability roles in film and TV production. The Terra Datum project contributes to this goal with the aim to measure the computational intensity and energy cost of virtual production methods in the studio, understanding how virtual production can be made more sustainable.  

Virtual production techniques are being used to cut operating costs – saving up to $49,000 an episode for a limited budget cable series, by allowing productions to access any location on the planet, real or imaginarywithout the associated travel emissions and logistical challenges. It has the potential to reduce carbon emissions by up to 50% and could help screen industries to hit net zero, compared to traditional filming methods.  

Travel between locations accounts for 70% of carbon emissions, the rest usually attributed to energy consumption. While virtual production techniques have helped to reduce the need for travel, as well as the power and materials consumed when creating physical props, it has also potentially increased reliance on global data centre infrastructure. 

Measuring data processing in the studio

Dr Paul Dolan, who teaches for MA Digital and Immersive Arts programme at Northumbria University, initiated a collaborative project to investigate the energy consumption of data processing in the studio. Funded by XRnetwork+, the project was undertaken by Northumbria University and Digital Catapult at the Advanced Media Production Studios at PROTO in Gateshead.

Real time visualisation of energy use

Terra Datum shows how much power a virtual production studio consumes, using a game engine-based visualisation displayed on large LED screens. It shows 3D scans of the studio space and energy consumption as it happens, based on live data collected by Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring devices attached to the technical equipment in the studio.  

The team developed the energy monitoring system with the help of Digital Catapult deep tech experts and built upon their knowledge already gained from a previous energy monitoring project undertaken at Digital Catapult’s Advanced Media Production Studios at PROTO.  Following Digital Catapult’s advice, the team bought a Milesight power monitoring device and a LoRaWAN (Low Range Wide Area Network) gateway that could be used to monitor data from devices using standard power plugs. 

Terra Datum was successfully developed as a functioning system for measuring on- site energy consumption, using IoT devices which use live energy data to animate photogrammetry scans of the studio architecture. 

The team found the IoT devices to be extremely useful for sensing and relaying energy data. Milesight devices are reasonably priced, making them a viable option for studios interested in taking more of an active role in monitoring and reducing energy consumption. During the project, the team also learned how to integrate a live IoT data pipeline into Unreal Engine, to animate photogrammetry scans. 

Future relevance and application

The Terra Datum team anticipates that the energy monitoring system can be used to look for internal energy cost savings, and with further development it could also be used to offer clients different pricing structures, depending on the amount of sustainable energy available on the grid.  

The team expects many studios will be interested in setting up their own energy monitoring system, due to the high cost of energy and a growing interest in sustainable production within the sector, and hope that the project serves as a useful case study for sustainable production organisations. 

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About Terra Datum  

Terra Datum is a collaboration between Dr. Paul Dolan of Northumbria University and Digital Catapult at Advanced Media Production PROTO in Gateshead, designed to investigate how virtual production can be made more sustainable. 

https://paulmichaeldolan.com/

About XR Network+ Virtual Production in the Digital Economy 

XR Network+ Virtual Production in the Digital Economy provides funding and support to researchers working in virtual production technologies, supporting growth, and facilitating collaboration between academia and industry on a national stage.

XR Network+ is funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).